Adverbials

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Some sentences describe the manner of the activity - if an action is taking place honourably, or quickly, or suddenly. tlhIngan Hol uses a type of word called an adverbial to describe the kind of word that modifies the manner of the whole sentence.

Like the time marker elements featured in previous lessons, adverbials generally come in a sentence just before the object-verb-subject construction. It is good advice to put any and all time markers before the adverbials.

This is only a partial list of adverbials. Like new nouns and verbs, new adverbials will be introduced as and when.

batlh	honourably, with honour, in an honourable manner
batlhHa'	dishonourably, with dishonour
bong	accidentally, by accident
chIch	deliberately, intentionally, on purpose, purposely
Do'	fortunately, luckily, with luck
Do'Ha'	unfortunately,
ghaytan	likely
ghaytanHa'	not likely, unlikely
loQ	slightly
nom	quickly
pay'	suddenly
pe'vIl	forcefully, with force
QIt	slowly
SIbI'	immediately
SIbI'Ha'	eventually, in time
tagha'	finally, at last

There now follow some examples of Klingon sentences modified by adverbials.

SuvtaH tlhInganpu'	The Klingons are fighting
batlh SuvtaH tlhInganpu'	The Klingons are fighting honourably
releghpu'	We saw you
bong releghpu'	We accidentally saw you
Dochvetlh ta' rIntaH	She did that
chIch Dochvetlh ta' rIntaH	She deliberately did that
Dargh vIqemta'	I brought tea
Do' Dargh vIqemta'	Fortunately, I brought tea
tlhIngan HIvpu' SuvwI' Hegh SuvwI'	The warrior died when he attacked the Klingon
Do'Ha' tlhIngan HIvpu' SuvwI' Hegh SuvwI'	Unfortunately, the warrior died when he attacked the Klingon
wa'Hu' Hegh tlhIngan	The Klingon died yesterday
wa'Hu' ghaytan Hegh tlhIngan	The Klingon probably died yesterday
wa'leS pawDI' parmaqqaywI' De' wIghaj	When my lover comes tomorrow we will have the knowledge
wa'leS ghaytanHa' pawDI' parmaqqaywI' De' wIghaj	It is unlikely that, by the time my liver comes tomorrow, we will have the knowledge
muS tlhIngan	The Klingon detests him
loQ muS tlhIngan	The Klingon detests him ... slightly
peSop	Eat!
nom peSop	Eat quickly!
pawDI' be' Hegh tlhIngan	No sooner had the woman arrived than the Klingon died
ghaytan pawDI' be' pay' Hegh tlhIngan	It is likely that, no sooner had the woman arrived than the Klingon died suddenly
pa' lu'el loDpu'	The men entered the room
wa'Hu' pay' pe'vIl pa' lu'el loDpu'	Yesterday, men suddenly burst into the room
HIq tlhutlh loDvetlh	That man is drinking liquor
QIt HIq tlhutlh loDvetlh	That man is drinking liquor slowly
De'vam yIngeH	Send this data!
SIbI' De'vam yIngeH	Send this data immediately!
vIta' rIntaH	I did it
SIbI'Ha' vIta' rIntaH	I did it eventually
tagha' SIbI'Ha' vIta' rIntaH	I finally did it, eventually

Next - some special adverbials which don't quite fit the mould.

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